Currently, demand and price of durian is high, so the planting durian agribusiness is a good prospect.
Durian Monthong Bombacaceae family is from Thailand. Durian is a plant crops Monthong genjah. Capable of producing at the age of 4-5 years since planted with seedlings from the top dial. Quite a lot of fruit production. Able to adapt to various places. Unfortunately, these plants have no resistance to Phytophthora disease. Sp. Fruit shape varies, from a long round to nearly square. Thorns large and rarely composed. The weight of the fruit can reach 6 kg. His skin was thick with color hij au. juringnya there 5. The color of the fruit flesh there is a golden yellow, some are beige. The flesh is very thick with a sweet taste and smell are legit.
Durian plants grow optimally at an altitude of 50-600 m above sea level, the light intensity of 40-50%, with a temperature of 22-30 0C, ideal rainfall 1500-2500 mm per year. Suitable soil, fertile sandy loam and a lot of organic matter content, and pH 6-7.
Ripe durian fruit, or rather arilusnya, which is a part that can be eaten, is generally consumed in a fresh condition, a loud and distinctive smell. Durian fruit preserved by drying the pulp into durian cake, or processed into lunkhead can also be fermented or pickled. More unpopular durian flavor in ice cream and pastries. Young shoots and young fruit can be cooked to a salad. The dried rind is used as fuel, especially for fish bloat.
In Indonesia, most of the durian is grown from seed, although some way propagation of clones have practiced anyway. In the Philippines, propagation by seed has been replaced by grafting sanding (inarching) and connection of a gap (cleft grafting). In Thailand, nursery, nurseries produce large amounts of 1’pohon durian in two ways. Breastfeeding has traditionally sanding may be a fairly simple connection and a very high percentage of success; how ‘rootstock was kept in the bag dibuntungi and inserted into a small branch on the parent plants. Another way is to splicing hipokotil, using seedlings in pots, 5-6 weeks old, which are connected with the upper stem-slit mini-cut from a thin lateral shoots only. Fungicide treatments, plastic tunnels, and heavy shade is necessary to protect the network is still fragile. Five people experienced workers can do 300 connections, worked from 8 pm to midnight; avoid the heat of the day is said to be an important factor to achieve natural success rate above 90 176. Durian seeds kv. ‘Chanee’ commonly used in Thailand to increase the supply of rootstock. Durian saplings can be planted in the field seteiah 1 year old, with a spacing of 8-16 m. In the first year of required shade. At a closer spacing, the durian orchard may need thinning after 8-1
Weeds cleared and left as mulch, but the land cultivated under a canopy of trees free of weeds. Suction nutrients until harvest time amounted to 2.4 kg N, 0.4 kg P, 4.2 kg K, 0.3 kg of Ca, Mg and 0.5 kg per ton of fruit, but sucking total nutrient has not been investigated. Practices in Thailand is to give compound fertilizer close to the line-drops as soon as flower buds appear, supported by the provision of fertilizer on the ground if there has been the formation of a dense fruit; granting other fertilizers after harvest. If available manure, fertilizers can replace the latter.
Root rot, stem rot disease, or cancer-spots (patch canker), caused by Phytophthora palmivora, a dreaded killer. This fungus lives in soil and weakens the tree by way of infecting the roots. Infection of the upper surface of the soil also occur. Durian tree will die if the infection in the base of the stem for long injuring around the tree trunk. To combat this disease, the base of trees cultivated free of lateral shoots as high as 1 m or more, the land around the tree free from weeds, and watering should not wet the base of the stem or nearby land, as well as sprinkling water from a tree does not wet the tree other. A kind of pasta fungicides (systemic) painted on the base of the stem durian, and the tree should be checked often, the infected portion of the scar that cut and cleaned. Other diseases, such as leaf spots caused by Colletotrichum spp., Homortegia durionir and Phyllorticta durionir, and fruit rot (Rhizopus sp.), Not so mean. Various pests have been observed attacking durian, but the damage was apparently only sometimes. A fruit borer caterpillar, Hypoperigea (Plagideicta) lepro.rtricta, eating durian seeds, and more likely to occur. Mammals, like rats, wild boar, and bears, it’s good to eat durian fruit, and falling buahbuah must be gathered every morning in order to reduce losses.
Harvest durian tree grows very high, and because it is difficult to guess the fruit matures, common practice is to wait until the fruit is falling. Selectively harvesting is needed to assess the maturity of durian fruit. Starting from the number of days that have passed since the flowers bloom, pay attention to color, elasticity and the location of thorns, the intensity of the smell that comes out of the fruit, the sound is heard if the radius dijentikkan the grooves between the spines, changes in the fruit stalk, and test- floating in the water. Fruit that has been broken when he fell to the ground, quickly once broken, arilusnya become rancid within 36 hours. Fruit is still stemmed, collected from under the tree can still be eaten after 2-3 days, but if the resistance of fruit that has been collected it can be extended approximately one week longer. Cold room temperature of 15 ° C can extend endurance, durian fruit for 3 weeks, and frozen fruit pulp that will quickly be able to maintain a taste for 3 months or more